There are several problems that can cause the fuel pump pressure loss and each of them will affect how well the fuel system delivers gasoline to the engine. On common cause is a clogged fuel filter that starves the engine of fuel due to restricted flow or pressure. The primary function of a fuel filter is to obstruct the contaminants, however with time, it might get clogged as well which eventually decreases the profitability of the fuel pump. A survey in 2022 found that clogged or ignored filters (causing the pressure to drop in the system) was responsible for 25% of fuel pump-related problems.
A bad fuel pressure regulator can also trigger it to happen since this acts as the device that keeps the right fuel pressure within the system. However, if the regulator goes bad it can either allow far too much fuel back to the tank (low pressure), or will restrict fuel flow (also low pressure). Pre-1991 engines must deliver 45 to 60 psi of fuel pressure for reliable operation, and a drop below that range is likely to result in poor engine performance or hard-starting.
Proper fuel pressure can be compromised by leeks at the injectors or in the fuel lines. Thus, even the smallest of leaks can result in a significant pressure drop meaning that the fuel system may not be able to deliver enough fuel to the engine. Leaks can cause running problems too for diesel engines, which often operate at pressures well into the thousands — for example above 1,500 psi. A pressure test is used mainly by mechanics to find leaksx or pressure drops.
Time causes the fuel pump to lose pressure as well. The average fuel pump last about 100K-150K miles, but wares out after time causing pressure to drop at some point. When a pump fails to gush up the required pressure, then it may yield to an inconsistent or low-pressure level cooling of the engine resulting in regular misfires and stalling etc.
In 2017, BMW had to recalled several of its cars over an internal pump failure that could lead to a loss of pressure. This broke under rough idling and sudden stalling to show just how important fuel pressure is for operation of the engine.
"Even the smallest inefficiencies in fuel management can have long-term consequences on performance and emissions," Elon Musk said during an earlier teleconference. The regular maintenance of the fuel system is very important for reducing the risk of pressure loss and ensuring that the engine will run smoothly and efficiency.
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